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Section I of the Western Zhou previous knowledge of astronomy
This is the beginning of a budding knowledge of astronomy and the initial accumulation of a long historical period. As a result of production and life, from the stars come and go, observing movement of the sun, it is gradually taking shape with these needs are closely related to the year, month, day, such as the concept of the length of time, which resulted in the initial calendar system. Activities as a result of divination, the changes of phenomena, in particular the emergence of abnormal phenomena, of great concern, it also stimulated people39s attention on the phenomena observed, and thus gradually formed a tradition of Sky Records. These give future generations a profound impact on development.
A concept of time as the period
Our ancestors, live in the vast land of China, people in their own production and daily life practice, gradually found or off the moon and stars have surfaced,of nature, animals and plants found in the natural phenomena such as Rong Xie, for human survival are closely related. Therefore, conscious observation and understanding of these natural phenomena, natural with a view to seek their own development, our ancestors who have become interested in one of the issues, which will gradually germination tender knowledge of astronomy.
No doubt the sun on people is essential.the ancients,, that is, access to the sun as the objective basis schedule. Caused by the sun out of the law of alternating light and shade, always give our ancestors in their deep feelings, so access to the sun cycle, Day is that they should be recognized that the first units of time.
Naturally, changes in the moon, the moon is another obvious and significant phenomena. It is significant because the moon light night-time activities for the people is the key element of the arrangements. Through a long period of observation and counting, people are finding the cycle of the moon around moon on the 30th, which will in turn lead to a longer period of time units on production.
Longer time for the unit year of the understanding, to be more Japanese , month is much more difficult, but it is for the people of the significance of the production and life of a cycle is more significant because the cold, rain drought, as well as hunting and fishing, collecting of agricultural production activities as well as all associated with it. Thus, it carried out to explore long-term and unremitting. By the phenology – dry vegetation Rong, animal migration, starting from observation and so on, about a year to explore the length of the first method, followed by the observation of some astrology. The results of the latter is more accurate than the former.
According to legend, in the era of Emperor Zhuan Xu, has set up a Fire is 1 post-secondary Division of Mars on the big heart places two skorpion stars for observation of Mars in the evening just big rise from the eastern horizon from time to time, as the year the beginning, that is, the arrival of spring this year. It is not difficult to push the length of a year. This is the concept of ancient China as an early form of time. According to research, which is approximately in 2400 BC matter.
It was also the Book of History recorded in the legendary, the Xiand, if Haotian Chin, Li-like moon and stars, when King granted. The specific methods and results of the observation is Japan and the birds sing to Yin-chun , Spark Hinaga to being mid-summer , night of stars is true, to Yin-qiu , Pleiades stars on the short to being midwinter , that is, observing the birds, fire, true, Pleiades star 4 pm in the evening at the South Transit days, to determine the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox and the winter solstice, as a division of the standard throughout the year. It is estimated that about 2000 BC, when the actual phenomena.
From the above records, we can infer, when the original has been the emergence of, otherwise it can not determine if a star on the transit issue of the South.at this time also used only for determining the position, has not yet been used for the measurement of the length of. Southern Star Observation transit to determine the season, can reduce the horizon and light refraction, such as the effects of dialysis, the accuracy of the natural setting of the stars observed more than high. In addition, from the Sino-Japanese and night in referring to the day and night equal, Hinaga and short day referring to the day were the longest and shortest days and so that we can see the time has been applied to a certain measurement time apparatus by following this small is the summer can be evidence of the record. All these show that at this time has entered the concept of time as the era of well-developed. Marked the star has been observed an increased number of stars, by observing the stars replaced by the South East Transit, and have been in use for some devices.
What is more noteworthy is that also described at this time has been adopted period there are 300 on the 6th to Leap-year-old scheduled for 400 as the initial calendar. Here 366 days a year, when is the anniversary of the movement of the stars of the measurement cycle results. Due to the length of a year and does not exist on the entire length of the relationship several times, the calendar has been adopted the initial purchase method of adjusting the Leap, which is obviously ais a long-term use of ancient China39s earliest recorded.
In the small is the summer book, it contains the month of the year phenology, planetarium, meteorology and agriculture and so on, it sets the phenological calendar and watch as the initial time and calendar all in one, according to legend it was used to act as the summer calendar on the system. On the concept of time as the purposes of the law, which is based on a number of stellar observations at dusk Ju, Participation, Subaru, South Gate, fire Weaver, Galaxy, etc. see, V or south of the transit time, as well as the handle of the Big Dipper Big Dipper point, as the month of the year the start of a standard. Some people think that small is the summer is a sub-one-year for 10 months, 36 days per month, and another 5-6 days of the initial calendar New Year day. 2 According to Small is the summer records, the first month bucket handle hanging faint early next, Jun faint early bucket hanging on the handle, the five-month period for six months in May, there are dependent on October have custody Night is also a five-month for six months. It was also suggested that small is the summer or twelve hours a year for the solar calendar. In view of this, Small is the summer is not considered a pure phase change on the views of the solar calendar, it is credible.
Shang and small summer , the records reflect the concept of time as important to the outcome of the law, but also reflects the emergence of the summer on behalf of two different calendar systems and the solar calendar of the prototype. They are by the concept mulberry of time as to have a certain specification of the initial calendar of two different patterns of transition are of great significance.
Second, the Shang and Zhou calendar
By Oracle on Oracle, we can know that the Shang Dynasty line is usedcalendar.